public policy public policy in libya and its impact on unemployment

public policy

Abstract

Kenneth Waltz, in his book Theory of International Politics, argues that the behavior of states is a direct reflection of the structure of the international system. In this context, since 1947 the international system witnessed the emergence of a bipolar order, represented by the capitalist bloc led by the United States and the socialist bloc led by the Soviet Union. Each pole sought to attract other states into its sphere of influence in order to maintain international balance.

This polarization was accompanied by an intellectual debate حول the concept of equality, which many states sought to achieve. Liberals argue that equality in socialist thought leads to restrictions on freedoms, economic monopolization, and ultimately political authoritarianism. In contrast, socialists contend that equality in liberal thought is merely formal, reinforcing the dominance of the capitalist class, leading to social stratification, poverty, and unemployment.

These ideas and ideologies were reflected in the public policies of states, where some adopted a capitalist approach while others turned toward socialism, including Libya. Since 1969, Libya witnessed a radical transformation in its political system following the accompanied by a gradual shift from a liberal orientation to what became known as “popular socialism.” This aimed to achieve equality among members of society and reduce class disparities.

However, this transformation in public policies led to adverse outcomes. Nationalization policies in both public and private sectors contributed to rising unemployment and disguised unemployment, and created a class system based on loyalty. The of these policies continue to persist to the present day. With increasing unemployment rates, related problems have emerged, particularly after 2011, such as the spread of armed groups, political division, and instability.

Accordingly, the importance of this study lies in analyzing past public policies in Libya to identify shortcomings and structural weaknesses, in order to avoid repeating them in the future.

This study aims to analyze the impact of socialist and ideological orientations in general on public policies in Libya, and to propose practical recommendations for reformulating these policies in a way that ensures economic diversification, empowers the private sector, activates sustainable development programs, and creates effective alternative sources of income instead of relying on a single resource.