Quantile-On-Quantile Heterogeneous Effects of Trade Openness on Poverty in Libya: A Quantile-on-Quantile
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Keywords:
Trade Openness, Poverty, Quantile-on-Quantile RegressionAbstract
This study aims to analyze the relationship between trade openness and poverty levels in the Libyan economy over the period 1990–2020. To achieve this objective, the study employs the Quantile-on-Quantile Regression (QQR) model to examine the impact of trade openness across its different quantiles on the distribution of poverty, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the dynamics underlying the relationship between the variables under investigation. In addition, causality tests are applied to explore the nature of the relationship from a distributional perspective that goes beyond the mean framework. The results confirm that the effect of trade openness on poverty varies depending on the degree of openness and the poverty quantiles, with the presence of a critical threshold at which the direction of the effect changes, indicating a nonlinear relationship. Furthermore, the causality tests reveal conditional causal dynamics that emerge selectively across different parts of the distribution. The study concludes that the effects of trade openness on poverty are contingent upon the state of both variables, underscoring the importance of adopting a distributional approach when evaluating economic policies.
Keywords: Trade Openness, Poverty, Quantile-on-Quantile Regression
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Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Political Sciences
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