Histopathological Effects of Allura Red (E129) Food Colorant on Liver and Kidney Tissues of Male Albino Mice

الملخص

Background: Synthetic food colorants are widely found in food products to improve their visual appeal. However, the potential health risks associated with these colorants have raised serious health concerns. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the pathological effects of Allura Red food colorant on the liver and kidney of male albino mice in terms of changes in relative weights of these organs and its histopathological impact on their tissues. Methods: Thirty male albino mice were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals each and received daily oral doses of Allura Red at doses of 700 and 1400 mg/kg body weight for 42 days. At the end of the study, liver and kidney samples were collected for relative weight assessment and histopathological examination. Results: The results indicated dose-dependent histopathological alterations in tissues of both organs. The liver exhibited cellular degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory infiltration, while the kidneys showed vascular congestion and glomerular hemorrhage, with the most pronounced damage observed at the higher exposure level. While average organ weights increased at both doses compared to the control group, those differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study highlights the necessity to limit the use of synthetic food colorants and suggest their replacement with natural alternatives, particularly in food products intended for pediatric consumption.